卷 2, 编号 1 (2024)

BACKGROUND: The clinical testing of composite materials existing on the market is necessary for their further improvement.

AIM: This prospective blind, randomized study of the clinical effectiveness of the nanocomposite most commonly used in practical dentistry aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of restorations based on clinical characteristics, according to the Federation Dentaire Internationale criteria, characterizing the quality of direct restorations of localizations of Black classes I–IV, made from nanofill composites EsCom 250 using the V generation EsBond adhesive.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 125 patients were examined, and 36 patients had 72 restorations placed in accordance with the criteria. The safety of the restorations was assessed after 3, 6, and 9 months, as well as the level of retention (safety of restorations). The composite nanohybrid material EsCom 250 was placed with EsBond adhesive using the total etching technique. Statistical analysis was performed with the treatment protocol according to CONSORT. Differences in the ratings of the three groups at 6 and 9 months were tested using Friedman repeated-measures analysis of variance by rank (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: The main clinical criterion was retention/defect, and the safety rates were as follows: 96% (87%–99%) for Black class I, 98% (90%–100%) for class II, 98% (90%–100%) for classes III and IV, 94% (84%–98%) for class V. However, no statistical differences by Black class were found at 6- and 9-month examinations (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The degree of preservation of restorations (87%–99%) during 9 months of observation was high. EsCom 250 can be recommended for use in patients diagnosed with dentin caries in the primary health care setting in a state budgetary dental clinic.

X-ray support is one of the effective tools to reduce the risk of errors and complications in dental implantology. The combination of three-dimensional (cone-beam computed tomography) and two-dimensional (orthopantomogram and radiovisiography) X-ray examinations helps increase the long-term results of the implant treatment through detailed planning, monitoring of the correct installation of implants, dynamic assessment of the condition of tissues surrounding the implant, and early diagnosis of periimplantitis. However, no consensus has been established among practitioners of which studies and at which stages of treatment should dental implants be prescribed to a patient. These concerns increased the risk of untimely detection of errors and complications at the stages of treatment and the likelihood of overdiagnosis with the appointment of unnecessary examinations to the patient. Thus, more studies on this topic and the development of a protocol suitable for X-ray support during implant treatment are warranted.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction and partial tooth loss are common conditions among the population. The progression of these conditions and the insufficient effectiveness of diagnostic and treatment methods pose several challenges for modern dentistry. Numerous methods for determining the position of the lower jaw can be employed; however, comprehensive diagnostics are required for patients with these issues. Some diagnostic algorithms and treatment methods are unreliable. Studies have indicated that most treatment errors occur during the determination of the optimal lower jaw position.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of the developed method for lower jaw positioning in patients with partial tooth loss and TMJ dysfunction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled study enrolled 108 patients diagnosed with partial tooth loss and TMJ dysfunction. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 underwent lower jaw positioning using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, group 2 using a hydrostatic cap, and group 3 using the developed method. After establishing the lower jaw position, a stabilizing cap was fabricated for the patient to maintain the identified position for 60 days. Subsequently, the examination was repeated using the initial diagnostic algorithm, which included the same investigation methods.

RESULTS: Statistically significant changes were found in the morphofunctional state of the stomatognathic system in patients with partial tooth loss and TMJ dysfunction after applying various methods of lower jaw positioning, i.e., transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, hydrostatic cap, and the proposed method (p < 0.05). The symptoms diminished in all groups, and the greatest changes were observed in group 3. The analysis of cephalometric data showed a significant reduction in the displacement of the dental midline and sagittal dental distance and an increase in the vertical dental distance after lower jaw positioning. Electromyographic analysis revealed an increase in the symmetry of the temporal and masticatory muscles, torsion index, and masseteric center, particularly in group 3. The obtained data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for lower jaw positioning in improving the condition of the stomatognathic system in patients with partial tooth loss and TMJ dysfunction.

CONCLUSION: In comparison with existing methods, the proposed method of mandibular positioning improves the symmetry indices of temporal and masseter muscles, torsion index, and masseteric center to a greater extent, which contributes to the normalization of the TMJ articular gap parameters.

The study presents the design features of braces, the mechanics of treatment using Vari-Simplex Discipline Alexander .018'', and the main changes in the treatment methodology that have occurred from the introduction of the system to the present. Bracket slots .018'' and .022'' were compared based on clinical experience.

On March 16, 2024, the VII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation “Prevention in Dentistry” took place in St. Petersburg. The event was organized by the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. Reports were given on the prevention of caries in children, comprehensive prevention of periodontal diseases, prevention of bone tissue atrophy, and prevention of complications of orthodontic treatment.