卷 2, 编号 3 (2024)

In recent decades, laser technology has been widely used in medicine, particularly in dentistry, resulting in significant advancements in various aspects of clinical practice. Laser technology is becoming increasingly popular due to such characteristics as high accuracy, minimal invasiveness, and wide range of applications. The literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The analysis included studies published in peer-reviewed journals, which assessed the use of laser technology in dentistry. The latest advancements and trends in the field were reviewed. The role of laser technology in the diagnosis, treatment, and regeneration of dental and periodontal tissues is discussed, as well as various types of lasers used in dentistry and their applications for dental procedures. The review revealed a wide range of laser technology applications in dentistry, including the diagnosis of dental caries, dental tissue preparation, endodontic treatment, periodontology, and esthetic dentistry. Laser technology ensures high accuracy, minimal thermal injury, and improved clinical outcomes compared to conventional treatment options. Laser technology opens up new opportunities in all aspects of dentistry and postoperative care. It improves the efficacy and comfort during various dental procedures. Advancements in this area provide new possibilities for the use of laser technology in dentistry in the future.

BACKGROUND: Mandibular angle components enable assessment of relevance during variant anatomy studies and help in the diagnosis of gnatic malocclusion.

AIM: To determine the key parameters of mandibular angle components and their role in clinical dentistry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 65 teleradiology scans with signs of physiologic occlusion, 12 X-ray images with mesial occlusion, and 16 X-ray images with distal occlusion was performed. The Go mandibular angle point was used for drawing a vertical line perpendicular to the skull base line N-Se. The resulting gonional vertical line divided the mandibular angle into two components: the mandibular ramus angle and the mandibular body angle.

RESULTS: Regardless of the mandibular angle, the mandibular ramus line deviated from the gonional vertical line by 6° to 9°. In Angle Class III malocclusions, the mean mandibular ramus angle was 18.03°±1.22°. Distal occlusion was characterized by an angle of less than 5°. Gnatic malocclusions were characterized by a sagittal line that was not parallel to the nasal and subnasal vertical line and tangent to the mandibular ramus.

CONCLUSIONS: Variability in mandibular angle components due to the growth of the gnathic face part has been identified. The study findings can be used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of malocclusion and complex treatment planning.

BACKGROUND: The finite element method is a computational tool widely used in engineering and biomechanics, which is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of orthodontics. The ability to model a complex biological structures has made it a valuable tool for understanding the interactions that occur during tooth movement. Orthodontic treatment is based on the application of mechanical forces to move the teeth to a more desirable position, but these forces also affect the surrounding tissues, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The finite element method allows you to predict how these tissues will respond to various exposures, which helps to develop more effective and safe treatment methods

AIM: To assess the effect of a Herbst appliance on bone structures of the mandible using the finite element method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3D model of the mandible in a 25-year-old adult patient was built, and the effect of a modified Herbst appliance on the mandible was assessed by the finite element method.

RESULTS: The physical properties of a viscoelastic material were determined for the 3D model, using a Kelvin model as the most appropriate best-case scenario for the cortical bone. The model of a static position of the mandible showed that the maximum mandibular displacement was 1.97 mm, the maximum elastic strain was 1.2% of the allowable limit, and the stress was less than 0.1% of the allowable limit. The model of mandibular movements during chewing revealed that the maximum displacement was 0.7 mm in the mandibular angle and coronoid process area. The elastic strain reached 2% of the allowable limit, concentrating on the distal surface of the mandibular second molar, and the stress was less than 0.2% of the allowable limit.

CONCLUSIONS: A viscoelastic Kelvin model enabled creating a 3D model of the mandible with properties similar to those of bone tissue. The use of the finite element method to assess the effect of a modified Herbst appliance on the mandible allowed for imaging of the displacement, strain, and stress observed while the appliance was utilized.

Modern dentistry is the result of centuries of knowledge, skill, and material development. Loss of tooth has always resulted in a lower quality of life, producing emotional and physical distress. Since ancient times, people have attempted to replace missing teeth with prosthetic teeth, as a beautiful smile has always been a sign of good health and high social status. Some fascinating material evidence of the evolution of dentistry and Prosthetic Dentistry has survived to the present day. The paper discusses the key stages of prosthetic dentistry evolution from ancient times to the early 20^th century.