Volume 2, Nº 2 (2024)

BACKGROUND: Distal malocclusion is one of the most common malocclusion pathologies. The use of orthodontic microimplants for support is becoming one of the most common devices that could be fixed in different zones.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze modern literature sources covering the use of various types of microimplants and factors that affect their stability in the treatment of distal dentition.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Results of domestic and foreign publications extracted from eLibrary and PubMed were analyzed. Thirty-five literary sources published no more than 8 years were studied.

RESULTS: Data on the structural features of the upper jaw, dependence of implant stability on its design, and options for correcting distal malocclusion using microimplants were collected and analyzed.

CONCLUSION: The analyzed articles describe individual clinical cases of treatment of anomalies in individuals with malocclusion; however, no systematic approach and proven treatment method using orthodontic microimplants in various zones of the upper jaw have been established. Certain pressing questions remain: what is the optimal material for its manufacture, microimplant design, and criteria in determining the most suitable anatomical structures of the upper jaw for microimplant fixation.

BACKGROUND: The study of clinical and radiological features of the maxillofacial area in children with vertical incisor disocclusion of the milk teeth is an urgent task of orthodontics.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the clinical and radiological features of vertical incisal disocclusion in children during the occlusion period of primary teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography with 3D models and orthopantomograms of 15 children in the occlusion period of milk teeth were retrospectively examined. In the analysis of X-ray images, the use of generally accepted methods and the author’s methods made it possible to assess the features of the ontogenesis period and location of teeth relative to the occlusal plane and other linear and angular landmarks.

RESULTS: The extent of vertical incisor disocclusion in all variants was 4.87 ± 1.22 mm. The gnathic angle value differed from the calculated values by an average of 3.62° ± 1.12°, which indicated an increase in the height of the gnathic region compared with the nasal part. The average length of one side of the mandibular body was 58.49 ± 1.64 mm, and the height of the branch was 42.55 ± 1.37 mm.

CONCLUSION: Vertical incisor disocclusion in children in the occlusion period of milk teeth is attributed to the supraposition of the upper incisors, infraposition of the lower incisors, and their combination. Children with vertical incisor disocclusion are characterized by the protrusion inclination of the incisors of both jaws, which can be used in clinical orthodontics to determine a treatment plan.

Orthodontic implants are currently widely used in dental practice. They are actively used because they provide a fixed support function, which allows using implants to move teeth and their groups. Using the finite element method, this article presents a mathematical analysis of stress distribution in the bone tissue and orthodontic implants providing both temporary support for provisional crowns and temporary support for tooth movement. This study aimed to examine the effect of horizontal load on orthodontic implants by applying mathematical modeling using the finite element method. The use of the finite element method for modeling stress–strain states in the “microimplant–surrounding bone tissue” system was performed with the reproduction of the material properties and parameters of the microimplant and surrounding bone tissue. 3D models of microimplants were created in the Kompas-3D program (Russia), and the stress distribution analysis was performed in the Autodesk Inventor program (USA). In this study, the peak stress values on the microimplants did not exceed 0.218 MPa with the maximum values of 880 MPa. The maximum stress values in the bone tissue were not higher than 0.024 MPa. Thus, the level of the obtained stress–strain states in both the bone tissue and microimplants is safe for horizontal loads.

On May 18–19, 2024, the 1st International Russian–Belarusian Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Gnathology” took place in St. Petersburg. The conference was organized by the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. Scientists from Russia and Belarus presented on the interdisciplinary interaction of doctors of various fields in the rehabilitation of dental patients. New methods for diagnosing and treating diseases of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles have been proposed.