Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis

BACKGROUND: Premalignancies and malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa remain a significant issue. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa is one of the top ten most prevalent cancers globally. It is characterized by delayed detection and an unfavorable prognosis, with a fatal outcome in 11.72% of cases per 100,000 males and in 2.6% of cases per 100,000 females in Russia. The incidence of this condition increases annually, which is directly associated with the prevalence of risk factors. Despite the high prevalence confirmed by numerous studies, the disease is typically detected at advanced stages, resulting in a significant deterioration in health and quality of life. However, early diagnosis of premalignancies and malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

AIM: To review Russian and international literature and assess the specifics of diagnosing premalignancies and malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature search was performed in PubMed, Cyberleninka, oooojournal, SemanticScholar, MDPI, and NEJM for the period between 2015 and 2022.

RESULTS: There are several approaches to diagnosing oral mucosal diseases, including oral examination, pathomorphological examination, and autofluorescence. Histopathological and cytological examinations are considered the most effective, while autofluorescence is noninvasive and well-tolerated by patients. However, despite the convenience of autofluorescence stomatoscopy compared to pathomorphological diagnosis procedures, this technique may only be used in addition to clinical examination findings and to establish indications for biopsy or cytological sampling. This is due to the fact that the technique has low specificity and is heavily dependent on compliance with the examination protocol and interpretation of the results.

CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of premalignancies and malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa is an urgent concern. Cancers of the oral mucosa are among the most prevalent and difficult to diagnose due to non-specific clinical symptoms, which frequently evade detection by dentists. Low cancer alertness and awareness of patients, which causes delayed healthcare seeking, is also a major concern.

This paper presents a clinical case of orthopedic treatment in a female patient with completely edentulous maxilla. The paper describes the clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing temporary and permanent implant-supported dentures. The specifics of selecting materials for temporary and permanent dentures, using computational modeling, and manufacturing dentures by virtual model-based milling are discussed. The significance of an interdisciplinary approach to physician communication during treatment planning and implementation is highlighted.

BACKGROUND: Assessing X-ray features of the maxillofacial area in adults, including gender-related differences in bone tissue structure in males and females, is a crucial task in dentistry.

AIM: To assess the density and thickness of maxillary bone tissue in females.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The assessment of maxillary bone tissue was based on computed tomography findings for 25 female patients (mean age 34.61 ± 6.08 years).

RESULTS: In females, the minimum cancellous bone thickness in the vestibular part is 0.23 ± 0.15 mm in Segment 1 and 0.25 ± 0.17 mm in Segment 2. The maximum cancellous bone thickness in the palatal part is 3.3 ± 1.5 mm in Segment 1 and 3.27 ± 1.47 mm in Segment 2. The minimum cancellous bone thickness in the palatal part is 1,250 ± 125 c.u. in Segment 1 and 1,250 ± 125 c.u. in Segment 2. The maximum compact plate density in the vestibular part is 2,023 ± 245 c.u. in Segment 1 and 2,024 ± 246 c.u. in Segment 2. The minimum bone tissue thickness in the maxilla was observed in the central incisor area in the vestibular part (0.25 ± 0.17 mm). The maximum compact plate density in the maxilla was observed in the premolar and molar area in the vestibular part (3.27 ± 1.47 mm). The minimum bone tissue density in the maxilla was observed in the central incisor and canine area in the vestibular part (1,250 ± 125 c.u.). The maximum bone tissue density in the maxilla was observed in the premolar and molar area in the vestibular part (2,120 ± 110 c.u.).

CONCLUSIONS: The density and thickness of compact plate and cancellous bone of the maxilla in the vestibular and palatal parts in females were determined. In case of distal and mesial occlusion, there were no significant differences in the density and thickness of bone tissue. The maximum cancellous bone thickness in the palatal part was observed from incisors to first premolars, with a significant decrease from second premolars to molars. Compact plate density in the vestibular part increased from canines to molars.