Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae MaxillofacialisActa Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae MaxillofacialisActa Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae MaxillofacialisActa Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae MaxillofacialisУниверситетская стоматология и челюстно-лицевая хирургияActa Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis3034-297XEco-Vector70253510.17816/uds702535WXMZVPReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleMorphofunctional features of the alveolar process of the jaw and rehabilitation options for adult patients with congenital cleft lip, palate, and alveolar process: a reviewМорфофункциональные особенности строения альвеолярного отростка челюсти и возможности реабилитации взрослых пациентов с врождённой расщелиной губы, нёба и альвеолярного отростка (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3854-32024777-0323AndersonValeriia A.АндерсонВалерия Алексеевна
Russian Federation

MD, assistant

ассистент

Valeriia.Anderson@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0803-19232603-1085SemyonovMikhail G.СеменовМихаил Георгиевич
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

sem_mikhail@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-85174930-8561BotsarovaSofia A.БоцароваСофья Алексеевна
Russian Federation

MD, student

аспирант

Dr.botsarova@mail.ruNorth-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова14062026415101102202603042026Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2026, Эко-вектор2026Eco-VectorЭко-векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://stomuniver.ru/unistom/article/view/702535

The dentofacial apparatus is a complex morphofunctional system; disruption of the integrity or function of any of its components leads to pathological changes. Dentofacial abnormalities and deformities remain a significant problem in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, particularly in patients with orofacial clefts. Many adult patients with congenital clefts of the lip, palate, and alveolar process, despite early multi-stage surgical and orthodontic treatment, have pronounced morphological and functional disorders of the dentoalveolar apparatus. These disorders considerably hinder the completion of rehabilitation and full restoration of masticatory function. The main challenges remain dentoalveolar and dentofacial deformities, jaw misalignment, weakening of the maxillary complex, bone deficiency, and significant soft-tissue scarring. We analyzed data from Russian and international publications on the feasibility of restoring masticatory function in adult patients with congenital cleft lip, palate, and alveolar process. Rehabilitation must take into account each patient’s individual characteristics. A comprehensive approach combining orthodontic, surgical, and orthopedic treatment is the cornerstone of successful masticatory function restoration, as well as of improving quality of life, social adaptation, and psychological comfort in this patient group.

Зубочелюстной аппарат является сложным морфофункциональным комплексом, нарушение целостности или функции одной из его составляющих формирует развитие патологических изменений. Зубочелюстные аномалии и деформации по-прежнему остаются одной из значимых проблем в стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии, особенно у пациентов с орофациальными расщелинами. У многих взрослых пациентов с врождёнными расщелинами губы, нёба и альвеолярного отростка, несмотря на проведённое многоэтапное аппаратурно-хирургическое лечение в детском и подростковом возрасте, сохраняются выраженные морфологические и функциональные нарушения зубочелюстного аппарата, которые значительно затрудняют завершение реабилитации и восстановление жевательной функции в полном объёме. Основными проблемами остаются зубоальвеолярные и зубочелюстные деформации, нарушение соотношения челюстей, ослабление верхнечелюстного комплекса, недостаток костной ткани, а также выраженные рубцовые изменения мягких тканей. Проведён анализ данных отечественной и зарубежной литературы в отношении возможности восстановления жевательной функции у взрослых пациентов с врождённой расщелиной губы, нёба и альвеолярного отростка. При реабилитации необходимо учитывать индивидуальные особенности каждого пациента. Комплексный подход, сочетающий ортодонтические, хирургические и ортопедические методы лечения, является основой успешного восстановления жевательной функции, а также повышения качества жизни, социальной адаптации и психологического комфорта у пациентов данной группы.

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