<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="kk"><trans-title>Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="pt"><trans-title>Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Университетская стоматология и челюстно-лицевая хирургия</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Acta Universitatis Dentistriae et Chirurgiae Maxillofacialis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-297X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">624386</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/uds624386</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Scientific research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effectiveness of caries prevention in patients with enamel defects of noncarious origin at the stages of orthodontic treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность профилактики кариеса у пациентов с дефектами эмали некариозного происхождения на этапах ортодонтического лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-503X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8776-0513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Satygo</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сатыго</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p></bio><email>stom9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3338-8193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Orthodontist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, врач-ортодонт</p></bio><email>stom9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dental Clinic No. 9</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Стоматологическая поликлиника № 9</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-18"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://stomuniver.ru/unistom/article/view/624386">https://stomuniver.ru/unistom/article/view/624386</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> White spot caries around braces is a common complication of orthodontic treatment. Numerous studies have indicated varying levels of the effectiveness of preventive measures for patients with braces, particularly for patients with noncarious enamel defects.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the use of preventive agents around braces and in the area of noncarious spots in patients with enamel defects at the stages of orthodontic treatment.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study involved 54 patients aged 14–18 years. All patients were divided into three groups. In group 1, patients were treated monthly with the area around the bracket and the spot with Fluorine-Lux for deep fluoridation. In group 2, the enamel around the braces was fluoridated monthly with Fluorine-Lux varnish. Patients used R.O.C.S. toothpaste for home hygiene (ProBrackets&amp;Ortho). In group 3 (control group), patients received professional oral care twice a year according to the standard regimen. Patients used fluoride toothpaste for oral care at home. Treatment lasted no more than 25 months. The initial levels of hygiene, caries intensity, and enamel resistance in all groups were comparable.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> After removing the bracket system, the intensity of the caries in group 1 significantly increased slightly to 13.75 ± 1.12 (p &gt; 0.01), and the “K” component increased to 2.91 ± 0.38 (p &gt; 0.01). After removing the orthodontic equipment, the intensity of the carious process in group 2 was 12.23 ± 1.34, with highly significant differences (p &lt; 0.05), the “K” component was 3.42 ± 0.19 (p &lt; 0.05), and the number of teeth with noncarious defects was 4.19 ± 0.06 (p &lt; 0.05). The appearance of new carious spots and cavity defects in teeth with noncarious enamel lesions that require treatment and filling were recorded. In group 3, the intensity of dental caries after the removal of the orthodontic equipment was 18.21 ± 0.16, with highly significant differences (p &lt; 0.05), the “K” component was 6.83 ± 0.11 (p &lt; 0.05), and the number of teeth with noncarious defects was 1.98 ± 0.04 (p &lt; 0.05). The appearance of new carious spots and cavity defects in teeth with noncarious enamel lesions requiring treatment and filling were registered.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> To prevent caries in the form of white spots on the teeth in patients with noncarious lesions during orthodontic treatment, professional oral hygiene monthly with the removal of the arch wire is recommended. The most effective is the combination of home oral hygiene using calcium-containing paste and monthly application of the drug Fluorine-Lux for deep fluoridation around braces and in noncarious areas.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Кариес в виде белых пятен вокруг брекетов является частым осложнением ортодонтического лечения. Многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют о различном уровне эффективности профилактических мероприятий для пациентов с брекет-системами, особенно для пациентов с дефектами эмали некариозного происхождения.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Определить эффективность использования средств профилактики вокруг брекетов и в области некариозных пятен у пациентов с дефектами эмали на этапах ортодонтического лечения.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие 54 пациента в возрасте от 14 до 18 лет. Все пациенты были разделены на 3 группы. Пациентам 1-й группы ежемесячно проводили обработку зоны вокруг брекета и пятна препаратом «Фтор-люкс» для глубокого фторирования. Пациентам 2-й группы ежемесячно проводили фторирование эмали вокруг брекетов лаком «Фтор-люкс». Пациенты использовали для домашней гигиены зубную пасту «R.O.C.S. ProBrackets&amp;Ortho». Пациентам 3-й группы (группа контроля) проводили профессиональную гигиену полости рта 2 раза в год по стандартной схеме. Пациенты использовали для домашней гигиены зубную пасту с фторидом. Лечение проводилось не более 25 мес. Начальный уровень гигиены, интенсивности кариеса и резистентности эмали во всех группах был сопоставим.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> После снятия брекет-системы интенсивность кариеса в 1-й группе пациентов достоверно увеличилась незначительно до 13,75 ± 1,12 (p &gt; 0,01), компонент «К» увеличился до 2,91 ± 0,38 (p &gt; 0,01). После снятия ортодонтической техники интенсивность кариозного процесса у пациентов 2-й группы составила 12,23 ± 1,34, при высокой достоверности различий (p &lt; 0,05) компонент «К» — 3,42 ± 0,19 (при p &lt; 0,05), количество зубов с некариозными дефектами составило 4,19 ± 0,06 (при p &lt; 0,05). Зарегистрировано появление новых кариозных пятен, а также в зубах с некариозными поражениями эмали полостных дефектов, требующих лечения и пломбирования. У пациентов 3-й группы интенсивность кариеса зубов после снятия ортодонтической техники составила 18,21 ± 0,16 при высокой достоверности различий (p &lt; 0,05), компонент «К» — 6,83 ± 0,11 (при p &lt; 0,05), количество зубов с некариозными дефектами составило 1,98 ± 0,04 (при p &lt; 0,05). Зарегистрировано появление новых кариозных пятен, а также в зубах с некариозными поражениями эмали появление полостных дефектов, требующих лечения и пломбирования.</p> <p><bold>Выводы.</bold> Для профилактики кариеса в виде белых пятен на зубах у пациентов с некариозными поражениями зубов при ортодонтическом лечении целесообразно проводить профессиональную гигиену полости рта ежемесячно со снятием дуги. Наибольшей эффективностью обладает сочетание домашней гигиены полости рта с использованием кальцийсодержащей пасты и нанесения ежемесячно препарата «Фтор-люкс» для глубокого фторирования вокруг брекетов и в области некариозных пятен.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>caries prevention</kwd><kwd>suspenders</kwd><kwd>orthodontic treatment</kwd><kwd>white enamel spots</kwd><kwd>enamel defects</kwd><kwd>deep fluoridation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>профилактика кариеса</kwd><kwd>брекет</kwd><kwd>ортодонтическое лечение</kwd><kwd>белые пятна эмали</kwd><kwd>дефекты эмали</kwd><kwd>глубокое фторирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shungin D, Olsson AI, Persson M. Orthodontic treatment-related white spot lesions: a 14-year prospective quantitative follow-up, including bonding material assessment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010; 138(2):136.e1–8; discussion 136–137. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.05.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shungin D., Olsson A.I., Persson M. Orthodontic treatment-related white spot lesions: a 14-year prospective quantitative follow-up, including bonding material assessment // Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010. Vol. 138, No. 2. P. 136.e1–8; discussion 136–137. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.05.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krysanova MA, Kuzmina EM, Polma LV. Determination of the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in patients during treatment using fixed orthodontic equipment. Orthodontics. 2015;(3): 43–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крысанова М.А., Кузьмина Э.М., Польма Л.В. Определение распространенности и интенсивности кариеса зубов у пациентов в период лечения с помощью несъемной ортодонтической аппаратуры // Ортодонтия. 2015. № 3. С. 43–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juliena KC, Buschangb PH, Campbellc PM. Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(4):641–643. DOI: 10.2319/071712-584.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juliena K.C., Buschangb P.H., Campbellc P.M. Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment // Angle Orthod. 2013. Vol. 83, No 4. 641–647. DOI: 10.2319/071712-584.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lone EA, Utreja AK, Singh SP, Jena AK. Effect of multibracket orthodontic appliance on frequency and severity of enamel demineralization-a prospective study. J Dent Special. 2015;3(1): 36–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lone E.A., Utreja A.K., Singh S.P., Jena A.K. Effect of multibracket orthodontic appliance on frequency and severity of enamel demineralization — a prospective study // J Dent Special. 2015. Vol. 3, No. 1. P. 36–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salanitri S, SeowWK. Developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition: aetiology and clinical management. Aust Dent J. 2013;58(2):133–140; quiz 266. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salanitri S., Seow W.K. Developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition: aetiology and clinical management // Aust Dent J. 2013. Vol. 58, No. 2. P. 133–140; quiz 266. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costa FS, Silveira ER, Pinto GS, et al. Developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2017;60:1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.03.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costa F.S., Silveira E.R., Pinto G.S., et al. Developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in the primary dentition: A systematic review and meta-analysis // J Dent. 2017. Vol. 60. P. 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.03.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel A, Aghababaie S, Parekh S. Hypomineralisation or hypoplasia? Br Dent J. 2019;227(8):683–686. DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel A., Aghababaie S., Parekh S. Hypomineralisation or hypoplasia? // Br Dent J. 2019. Vol. 227, No. 8. P. 683–686. DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crombie FA, Manton DJ, Palamara JE, et al. Characterisation of developmentally hypomineralised human enamel. J Dent. 2013;41(7):611–618. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.05.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crombie FA, Manton DJ, Palamara JE, et al. Characterisation of developmentally hypomineralised human enamel // J Dent. 2013. Vol. 41, No. 7. P. 611–618. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.05.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">William V, Messer LB, Burrow MF. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical management. Pediatr Dent. 2006;28(3):224–232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">William V., Messer L.B., Burrow M.F. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical management // Pediatr Dent. 2006. Vol. 28, No. 3. P. 224–232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baroni C, Mazzoni A, BreschiL. Molar incisor hypomineralization: supplementary, restorative, orthodontic, and esthetic long-term treatment. Quintessence Int. 2019;50(5):412–417. DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a42327</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baroni C., Mazzoni A., BreschiL. Molar incisor hypomineralization: supplementary, restorative, orthodontic, and esthetic long-term treatment // Quintessence Int. 2019. Vol. 50, No. 5. P. 412–417. DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a42327</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogaard B, Larsson E, Henriksson T, et al. Effects of combined application of antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120(1):28–35. DOI: 10.1067/mod.2001.114644</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogaard B., Larsson E., Henriksson T., et al. Effects of combined application of antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes in orthodontic patients // Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001. Vol. 120, No. 1. P. 28–35. DOI: 10.1067/mod.2001.114644</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogaard B, Rølla G, Arends J, ten Cate JM. Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization. Part 2. Prevention and treatment of lesions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;94:123–128. DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(88)90360-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogaard B., Rølla G., Arends J., ten Cate J.M. Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization. Part 2. Prevention and treatment of lesions // Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988. Vol. 94. P. 123–128. DOI: 10.1016/0889–5406(88)90360-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochrane NJ, Cai F, Huq NL, et al. New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel. J Dent Res. 2010;89:1187–1197. DOI: 10.1177/0022034510376046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochrane N.J., Cai F., Huq N.L., et al. New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel // J Dent Res. 2010. Vol. 89. P. 1187–1197. DOI: 10.1177/0022034510376046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang GJ, Roloff-Chiang B, Mills BE, et al. Effectiveness of MI Paste Plus and PreviDent fluoride varnish for treatment of white spot lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143(1):31–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.09.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang G.J., Roloff-Chiang B., Mills B.E., et al. Effectiveness of MI Paste Plus and Previ Dent fluoride varnish for treatment of white spot lesions: a randomized controlled trial // Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013. Vol. 143, No. 1. P. 31–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.09.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi E, Lynch E. Nanoparticles in orthodontics, a review of antimicrobial and anti-caries applications. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72(6):413–417. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.859728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borzabadi-Farahani A., Borzabadi E., Lynch E. Nanoparticles in orthodontics, a review of antimicrobial and anti-caries applications // Acta Odontol Scand. 2014. Vol. 72, No. 6. P. 413–417. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.859728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alessandri Bonetti G, Pazzi E, Zanarini M, et al. The effect of zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite versus fluoride on enamel surfaces after interproximal reduction. Scanning. 2014;36(3):356–361. DOI: 10.1002/sca.21125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alessandri Bonetti G., Pazzi E., Zanarini M., et al. The effect of zinc-carbonate hydroxyapatite versus fluoride on enamel surfaces after interproximal reduction // Scanning. 2014. Vol. 36, No. 3. P. 356–361. DOI: 10.1002/sca.21125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander SA, Ripa LW. Effects of self-applied topical fluoride preparations in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2000;70(6):424–430. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2000)070&lt;0424:EOSATF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander S.A., Ripa L.W. Effects of self-applied topical fluoride preparations in orthodontic patients // Angle Orthod. 2000. Vol. 70, No. 6. P. 424–430. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2000)070&lt;0424:EOSATF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Llena C, Leyda AM, Forner L. CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP versus fluoride varnish in remineralisation of early caries lesions. A prospective study. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(3):181–186. DOI: 10.1007/s40368-014-0153-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Llena C., Leyda A.M., Forner L. CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP versus fluoride varnish in remineralisation of early caries lesions. A prospective study // Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015. Vol. 16, No. 3. P. 181–186. DOI: 10.1007/s40368-014-0153-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zantner C, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. Clinical monitoring of the effect of fluorides on long-existing white spot lesions. Acta Odontol Scand. 2006;64(2):115–122. DOI: 10.1080/00016350500443297</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zantner C., Martus P., Kielbassa A.M. Clinical monitoring of the effect of fluorides on long-existing white spot lesions // Acta Odontol Scand. 2006. Vol. 64, No. 2. P. 115–122. DOI: 10.1080/00016350500443297</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sonesson M, Twetman S, Bondemark L. Effectiveness of high-fluoride toothpaste on enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment-a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2014;36(6):678–682. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt096</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sonesson M., Twetman S., Bondemark L. Effectiveness of high-fluoride toothpaste on enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment — a multicenter randomized controlled trial // Eur J Orthod. 2014. Vol. 36, No. 6. P. 678–682. DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt096</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyd RL. Comparison of three self-applied topical fluoride preparations for control of decalcification. Angle Orthod. 1993;63(1):25–30. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1993)063&lt;0025:COTSTF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd R.L. Comparison of three self-applied topical fluoride preparations for control of decalcification // Angle Orthod. 1993. Vol. 63, No. 1. P. 25–30. DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(1993)063&lt;0025:COTSTF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Khateeb S, Forsberg CM, de Josselin de Jong E, Angmar-Månsson B. A longitudinal laser fluorescence study of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113(6):595–602. DOI: 10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70218-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Khateeb S., Forsberg C.M., de Josselin de Jong E, Angmar-Månsson B. A longitudinal laser fluorescence study of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients // Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998. Vol. 113, No. 6. P. 595–602. DOI: 10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70218-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perrini F, Lombardo L, Arreghini A, et al. Caries prevention during orthodontic treatment: In-vivo assessment of high-fluoride varnish to prevent white spot lesions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149(2):238–243. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.07.039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perrini F., Lombardo L., Arreghini A., et al. Caries prevention during orthodontic treatment: In-vivo assessment of high-fluoride varnish to prevent white spot lesions // Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016. Vol. 149, No. 2. P. 238–243. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.07.039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zorina OA, Boriskina OA, Petrukhina NB, et al. Influence of different type of toothbrushes on the incidence of enamel demineralization and gingivitis in the course of orthodontic treatment. Dentistry. 2020;99(2):34–39. DOI: 10.17116/stomat20209902134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зорина О.А., Борискина О.А., Петрухина Н.Б., и др. Влияние использования зубных щеток различного типа на вероятность развития деминерализации эмали и гингивита в ходе ортодонтического лечения // Стоматология. 2020. Т. 99, № 2. С. 34–39. DOI: 10.17116/stomat20209902134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krysanova MA, Kuzmina EM, Polma LV. Application of modern prophylactic means during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (review). Orthodontics. 2014;(4):12–19. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крысанова, М.А., Кузьмина Э.М., Польма Л.В. Применение современных профилактических средств во время ортодонтического лечения с помощью несъемной аппаратуры (обзор) // Ортодонтия. 2014. № 4. С. 12–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arsenina OI, Kabachek MV, Sakharov EB. Application of enamel-sealing liquid for caries prevention in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontics. 2003;(1):8–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арсенина О.И. Кабачек М.В. Сахаров Э.Б. Применение эмаль-герметизирующего ликвида для профилактики кариеса при ортодонтическом лечении // Ортодонтия. 2003. № 1. С. 8–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arsenina OI, Frolova AV, Popova NV. Algorithm of preventive measures in orthodontic treatment with the use of fixed appliances. Orthodontics. 2009;(1(45)):44–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арсенина О.И., Фролова А.В. Попова Н.В. Алгоритм профилактических мероприятий при ортодонтическом лечении с и спользованием несъемной техники // Ортодонтия. 2009. № 1(45). С. 44–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmina EA, Kapytov AA, Efimova AS, Saraikina OS. Some distinctive features of remineralizing complex Fluoro-lux. Science Bulletin. Series: Medicine. Pharmacia. 2014;(18(189)):139–143. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина Е.А., Капытов А.А., Ефимова А.С., Сарайкина О.С. Некоторые отличительные особенности реминерализирующего комплекса Фтор-люкс // Научные ведомости. Серия: Медицина. Фармация. 2014. № 18(189). C. 139–143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ammaev MG, Fattal RK, Tairov VV, Melekhov SV. Advanced way of the assessment of efficiency of treatment of initial caries. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2013;(6(141)):32–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аммаев М.Г., Фатталь Р.К., Таиров В.В., Мелехов С.В. Усовершенствованный способ оценки эффективности лечения начального кариеса. Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2013. № 6(141). C. 32–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
